The bike sharing in Italy
Giorgio Ceccarelli
currently active in Italy are about 130 bike-sharing systems with a prevalence in the Towns of North and the Centre with respect to particular regions Sud.In which notes the increased presence of bike sharing are:
Emilia Romagna (19) - Piedmont (16) - Veneto (15) - Sydney (13). Below Marche, Puglia, Liguria and all other regions except Campania, Calabria and Basilicata.
(Source: Report of Eng. Lorenzo Bertuccio Club Congress of Cities for Bike Sharing - Milan, October 2009)
This quantification takes into account only the advanced bike-sharing systems (which could be classified as third generation ) and does not consider all the cases related to the traditional rental, as for example that of Bolzano.
In turn, these 130 systems can be divided into two types: mechanical key
-
- magnetic card.
In the first case the user must acquire a key through a door which, when inserted in the free bike parking and identifies it, the bike must be returned, without any particular time limit, in the same stall to pick up the key.
key systems are usually free and allow the use of bikes in different cities with the same key.
systems with magnetic card instead allow the return in any other stand above and allow, through tariff regulation, to encourage the use of bicycles for a short period, so as to enable its use and return it to another user, then a few bikes for many people.
magnetic card systems also have the option of recordings over the Internet and pay by credit card or mobile phones, are also systems that, as we shall see, opens up new prospects of tariff between the various transport systems.
In all the municipalities that use a magnetic card, except Rome, the tariff schedule the first half hour of free use, with the next few hours to charge gradually increased, up to predict the actual blocks of the subscription if you exceed four hours of use, as provided for example in Milan
The use of either type of bike sharing in Italy depends in practice on the division of markets between just two suppliers:
- C ' by cycling the key system
- Bicincittà the system board.
the approximately 130 active systems to date 2 / 3 are key and 1 / 3 to board, with a spatial distribution closely linked to the location of origin and the consequent market penetration of the two suppliers.
Got a bike which is based in Ravenna is prevalent in areas of Emilia e del Veneto, mentre Bicincittà è di Torino e ha la prevalenza nel Nord Ovest; Bicincittà è inoltre presente anche sul mercato internazionale con i sistemi di Pamplona e Losanna.
Questa forma di duopolio legato a una partizione territoriale tra sistemi tecnicamente diversi è sintomo di come il bike sharing in Italia sia ancora giovane e debba ancora evolvere verso una molteplicità di offerta caratteristica di un mercato più maturo.
Unica eccezione a questa partizione rigida del mercato fra due aziende, ciascuna con la propria differente tecnologia, è rappresentata dal Comune di Milano, che utilizza il sistema sviluppato dalla società americana Clear Channel.
Milan is currently the Italian system of a larger size BikeMe called, was opened in November 2008 provides 1300 bikes distributed around 100 stations and is cost-based grant system of advertising space in exchange for activation and service management by Clear Channel.
Given the success recorded by BikeMe, which has almost reached the saturation level than the intended users, the project is in its extension outside the circle of ramparts and touched nodes iron pole and peripheral roads university re: A total of 170 new stations to 33 stalls and a fleet of 5,000 bikes are bicycles
But problems emerged between the Administration e la ditta appaltatrice, legati soprattutto al tema economico degli introiti pubblicitari, che in qualche modo stanno rallentando il previsto sviluppo del sistema.
Una nota particolare meritano i sistemi di Genova e Siracusa in quanto rappresentano in assoluto le prime esperienze di utilizzo di biciclette a pedalata assistita su veri e propri sistemi di bike sharing, mentre già se ne potevano trovare su tradizionali ciclonoleggi.
Il sistema di Genova, inaugurato nell’Aprile 2009, è denominato MOBIKE, dispone di 55 bici distribuite su 6 stazioni ed è stato realizzato grazie a un contributo del Ministero per l’Ambiente a favore della mobilità elettrica. E’ realizzato e gestito direttamente da Bicincittà.
The use of assisted bicycles may be entered in a city like Genoa, which has many parts hilly, although the positions realized to date, located on the arch of the old port and in central areas, show a difference each less than 50 meters, definitely acceptable for a traditional bike.
The use of bike sharing Genovese is still heavily affected by the almost total lack of protected routes for bikes.
Similarly, the system of Syracuse, opened shortly after Genoa, is based on technology and uses Bicincittà funding given by the Ministry for the Environment at the G8.
The system in this case is mixed with the prediction scheme of 200 traditional and 50 assisted bicycles, distributed over 15 stations.
Among the systems which is expected to report next opening is in Turin, whose inauguration is scheduled for June 2010.
After two races almost desert, the last tender was won by Bicincittà that will manage advertising space in exchange for a system, called tobiko, 1200 which provides bike on over 100 stations: This is finally a project high impact that would cover an important part of the city.
Pending opening di Torino, il bike sharing di Milano si può ritenere ad oggi l’unico sistema che in Italia sia numericamente paragonabile con le grandi realizzazioni europee: tutte le altre città presentano numeri di bici o di postazioni nettamente inferiori. In particolare, con riferimento al numero di biciclette previste, i sistemi in Italia numericamente più consistenti dopo Milano sono:
- Brescia (200)
- Ravenna (140)
- La Spezia (135)
- Bergamo (120)
- Trento (88)
Rapportando il numero di bici al numero di abitanti, tra i migliori rapporti risultano:
- Modena (1 / 900)
- Milan (1,1000)
- Cuneo (1/1.100)
way off from those values \u200b\u200bto represent a significant contribution to urban mobility, such as those frequently seen in example in French cities like Paris (1 / 100) or Lyons (1 / 160).
In general then Italy is characterized by a large number of mostly small size systems. The following table
the Italian figure is compared with that of France and Germany:
It can also be reasonably assumed that this trend will increase expected in the coming years with the spread of interest in the bike-sharing in the cities of Central and South
The spread of systems of very small size is a typical Italian who may depend on the shape of our territory, characterized by a widespread urbanization, with many small or medium-sized cities.
The size of a city probably not possible to trigger levels of profitability that would enable the realization by individuals of bike sharing systems in exchange for advertising space, as is the case elsewhere.
It follows, therefore, necessary by the local government to address almost exclusively on public funds with the result of having limited funding prospects uncertain times and insecure about the continued service.
not underestimate also the obstacle to the creation of systems represented by the numerically important Italian backwardness in the development of cycling facilities.
Often in our cities are reasonably practicable by bike paths are reduced to a few areas in which only the central zone 30 or pedestrian zones allow you to move with a minimum of security.
The development of the bike sharing can happen if coordinated with other actions like a cycling goal, as is the case whether the government will equip a special Biciplan that in addition to bike sharing, provides courses, facilities for those who go to which bike racks or slides, promotion and information, maintenance of the existing.
Today in Italy there are few studies or research on the phenomenon of bike sharing, and there is an in-depth analysis of a general nature about it.
They move in this direction, however, the initiatives of some associations, among which may include:
The CCBS - Club of the City Bike Sharing, sponsored by Euromobility, www.euromobility.org , the Italian Association of Mobility Manager , joined more than 30 cities.
The CCBS aims at promoting del bike sharing e organizza annualmente un convegno in cui viene presentato il report aggiornato delle situazione in Italia, costituendo al momento la visione più complessiva che si possa trovare.
F.I.A.B. – Federazione Italiana Amici della Bicicletta www.fiabonlus.it , aderente a E.C.F. European Cyclist Federation, che promuove tra l’altro un forum di discussione dedicato al tema e la raccolta di documentazione sul bike sharing nel sito istituzionale.
Il progetto europeo OBIS – Optimising Bike Sharing in European Cities www.obisproject.com , che si propone di identificare i fattori di successo, i limiti e le potenzialità del mercato sia a livello europeo che negli eight states that joined the project.
#####
the author:
Giorgio Ceccarelli, architect, and the National Council of the Italian Federation of Friends of the Bicycle - Tales and responsible on the public bike sharing and bicycles. It deals with design issues related to mobility through the redesign and restoration of urban spaces and collective use, with particular attention to the application of participatory methodologies. In the activity
addressed to the bicycle, as well as proposed routes and the preparation of municipal plans for cycling, he oversaw the service bike sharing of Genoa, the first system made of electrically assisted bicycles.
0 comments:
Post a Comment